“Brown Fat” and Slimness – New Research

New studies published in the journal Nature have discovered that a specific type of adipose (fat) cells found in newborn babies may hold key to weight loss. Researchers speculate that these “brown” fat cells may be responsible for extremely fast metabolism observed in newborns. Brown fat can contain substances that help burn dietary calories and therefore facilitate slimness. This new discovery can eventually provide a weapon to beat current obesity epidemic, point out the researchers.

Unlike ordinary adipose tissue found in adults, or so-called “white fat” that is designed by nature to store unclaimed energy derived from foods, brown fat quickly utilizes calories and converts them into heat.

While human babies are born with plentiful brown fat reserves, which might be needed to protect them from fluctuations of external temperature and which therefore provide an additional survival tool, human adults lack this metabolically advantageous tissue. Instead, they accumulate generous deposits of white fat that serves as a source of energy when food is scarce. Unfortunately, in our times of abundance, when food is rich, cheap and plentiful, this elegant evolutionary mechanism is to blame for obesity, diabetes, and a whole host of related diseases.

Scientists involved in previous research examined brown fat and concluded that it could unlock the riddles of human metabolism, which eventually might lead to inventing new treatments for obesity. Two new trials bring scientists closer to understanding the mysteries of successful weight loss. They discovered that, in mice, brown fat production can be promoted by activating a specific molecular switch called PRDM16. When this “master switch” is inactivated, brown fat cells do not develop.

Another interesting observation is the unusual origin of brown fat, which is made by immature cells that can also produce muscle tissue.

The second trial looked at possible activators of brown fat secretion. It has been discovered that a bone-growing protein known as BMP-7 is also involved in the production of brown fat cells. Inserting BMP-7 into laboratory mice resulted in their successful secretion of brown fat reserves, increased metabolism, and a leaner body composition.

Professor Bruce Spiegelman of Harvard University says that encouraging the growth of brown fat in obese patients, especially those with a genetic predisposition to weight gain, can be a revolutionary new approach to treating the condition. If adults had more brown fat in their tissues instead of white fat, the problem of excess weight would most likely be solved, added the researcher.

Lada Brown

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